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It is known that the Soviet Union obtained both the F-14 and the Phoenix missile for reverse-engineering from Iran.
From what I've seen this is completely incorrect. I've never seen any evidence that the Soviets got a Tomcat or Pheonix. And the similar configuration of the Amos and the Pheonix (similar to a host of other ATG missiles and SAMs as well) is not evidence.
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In any case, the Phoenix was compromised at the same time that the AIM-54C variant was in development. As a result, the missile's development program was modified to ensure that the new variant of the Phoenix could defeat countermeasures developed against older variants.
This is the only place I've ever heard that the AIM-54C was "compromised." IIRC the C model was initiated in part because the A had been compromised as it was in the hands of an unfriendly Iran.
About the kill numbers... ACIG.org is maybe the only source that claims that the Iranians got Pheonix kills, and indeed they are one of the few sources that contend that there was actually extensive air-to-air combat in Iran-Iraq. That's because they're one of the only sources to actually go to Iran and Iraq and research first hand. Basically every other source is dated and/or relying on second hand info.
Zephyr